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Yuzo Koshiro

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Yuzo Koshiro
古代 祐三
Koshiro in 2006
Born (1967-12-12) December 12, 1967 (age 57)
Hino, Tokyo, Japan
Occupations
Years active1986–present
Employers
Musical career
Genres
Instruments
WebsiteAncient Corp.

Yuzo Koshiro (古代 祐三, Koshiro Yūzō, born December 12, 1967) is a Japanese composer and sound programmer. He is often regarded as one of the most influential innovators in chiptune and video game music, producing music in a number of genres including rock, jazz, symphonic, and various electronic genres such as house, electro, techno, trance, and hip hop.[1][2][3]

Koshiro and his sister Ayano founded the game development company Ancient in 1990, of which he remains the president.[4] He has been cited as creating some of the most memorable game music of the 1980s and 1990s[5][6] contributing for games such as Nihon Falcom's Dragon Slayer and Ys series, as well as Sega's The Revenge of Shinobi and Streets of Rage series.[1] The soundtracks for the latter have been cited by some to be ahead of their time.[7][8][9][10]

Early life

[edit]

Koshiro was born in Tokyo on December 12, 1967.[11] His mother, Tomo Koshiro, was a pianist. She taught him how to play the piano at the age of three, and by the age of five, he had a strong command of it. In 1975, he began taking music lessons from Joe Hisaishi and studied with him for three years. Everything Koshiro has learned after that has since been self-taught.[12]

While he was still in high school during the early 1980s, Koshiro began composing music on the NEC PC-8801 as a hobby, including mockups of early arcade game music from Namco, Konami, and Sega. The sequencing skills and experience he gained from this would later be utilized in his early video game projects.[1][13] The video games that influenced him most were The Tower of Druaga (1984), Space Harrier (1985), and Gradius (1985). The video game music soundtracks to these games inspired him to become a video game composer.[13][14]

In a 1992 interview, Koshiro said that his favorite music genres are new wave, dance music, technopop, classical, and hard rock, and that his favorite Western bands are Van Halen and Soul II Soul.[15]

Nihon Falcom (1986–1988)

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Koshiro's first composing job was with Nihon Falcom in 1986 at the age of 18. Falcom used compositions from the PC-8801 demo tape he had sent them in their Dragon Slayer action role-playing game Xanadu Scenario II, for its opening theme and several dungeon levels.[16] He also wrote the opening song in Romancia that same year. His compositions for these early games were influenced by arcade game music and Japanese bands such as The Alfee. He then produced the soundtrack to Dragon Slayer IV / Legacy of the Wizard (1987), which was influenced by the sounds of early Konami games. His most well-known Falcom works are his soundtracks for Sorcerian (1987) and the early Ys games, Ys I (1987) and Ys II (1988). These early music productions mainly featured rock and fusion music.[1] The TurboGrafx-CD versions of the first three Ys games (from 1989 to 1991) are notable for their very early use of Red Book audio in video games. Music from the Ys games were also employed in the Ys anime.[17]

All of these early soundtracks were produced using the FM synthesis sound chip of the PC-8801. Despite later advances in audio technology, Koshiro would continue to use older PC-8801 hardware to produce many of his later video game soundtracks, including the Streets of Rage and Etrian Odyssey soundtracks.[10] His soundtracks for early Nihon Falcom games, such as the Dragon Slayer and Ys series, are widely regarded as some of the most influential role-playing video game scores.[1]

Early freelance work (1988–1990)

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Following his separation with Falcom, Koshiro became a freelancer, composing music for many other companies. His early freelance projects included the Sharp X68000 port of Bosconian, Bothtec's action role-playing game The Scheme (1988) for the PC-8801, and Enix's visual novel adventure game Misty Blue for the PC-9801 in 1990.[1][10] The latter two soundtracks featured early Eurobeat music.[1]

His most notable freelance work was for Sega: his first freelance work for the company was the soundtrack to The Revenge of Shinobi (1989), for which he produced house[1][18] and "progressive, catchy, techno-style compositions"[7] that fused electronic dance music with traditional Japanese music.[19]

His soundtrack for ActRaiser (1990), on the other hand, was mainly classical and orchestral.[1] While working on ActRaiser, in order to get around the SNES's 64 KB memory limitation which limited the number of instruments that can be used and prevented the reloading of samples, Koshiro developed a sample loading system that worked with the ROM cartridge memory, swapping samples from the ROM data on the fly. This allowed him to "load parts of the music gradually as needed, and also change it quickly between stages or parts of a stage" which the "original system couldn't do it with its restrictions." A similar system was used by other companies for later SNES games such as Squaresoft's Seiken Densetsu 3 (1995) and Namco Tales Studio's Tales of Phantasia (1995).[13]

Founding of Ancient Corp. (1990–1994)

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In 1990, Koshiro helped found Ancient Corp.. The company was co-founded by his mother, Tomo Koshiro, while his sister Ayano Koshiro works at the company as an art/character/graphic designer and was also the art designer for the ActRaiser games.[12] His sister Ayano has designed characters and graphics for several games Koshiro has worked on, including the Streets of Rage (Bare Knuckle in Japan) series, Ys, and ActRaiser.

While working with Ancient, he composed the soundtrack for the 8-bit version of Sonic the Hedgehog in 1991. He adapted several pieces of music from the original 16-bit version, while the rest of the soundtrack consisted of his own original music.[1]

His soundtracks for the Streets of Rage series (known as Bare Knuckle in Japan) from 1991 to 1994 were composed using then outdated PC-8801 hardware alongside his own original audio programming language. According to Koshiro: "For Bare Knuckle I used the PC88 and an original programming language I developed myself. The original was called MML, Music Macro Language. It is based on NEC's BASIC program, but I modified it heavily. It was more a BASIC-style language at first, but I modified it to be something more like Assembly. I called it ‘Music Love'. I used it for all the Bare Knuckle games."[10]

The soundtracks for Streets of Rage (1991) and Streets of Rage 2 (1992) were influenced by house, techno, hardcore techno,[2] breakbeat,[20] funk and ethnic music. He also attempted to reproduce the Roland TR-808 and TR-909 beats and Roland TB-303 synths using FM synthesis.[21] The soundtrack for Streets of Rage 2 in particular is considered "revolutionary" and ahead of its time,[8][9] for its "amazing blend of swaggering house synths, dirty" electro-funk and "trancey electronic textures that would feel as comfortable in a nightclub as a video game."[8]

His CD soundtracks became best-sellers in Japan during the early 1990s.[22] In 1993, Electronic Games listed the first two Streets of Rage games as having some of the best video game music soundtracks they "ever heard." They described Koshiro as "just about universally acknowledged as the most gifted composer currently working in the video game field."[23]

For the soundtrack to Streets of Rage 3 (1994), he created a new composition method called the "Automated Composing System" to produce "fast-beat techno like jungle."[2] It was the most advanced techno technique of the time, incorporating heavily randomized sequences.[1] This resulted in innovative and experimental sounds generated automatically that, according to Koshiro, "you ordinarily never could imagine on your own." This method was very rare at the time, but has since become popular among techno and trance music producers to get "unexpected and odd sounds."[3] The soundtrack also had elements of abstract, experimental, gabber,[24] and trance music.[25] The experimental electronic music was not very well received upon release, but has since been considered to be ahead of its time. According to Mean Machines, "ironically it pre-dated the 'trance' era that came a short while after release."[25]

Koshiro was one of the first composers credited under his real name in a time when several other Japanese developers were credited under pen names.[26]

Later career (1994–present)

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Also in 1994, Koshiro co-composed a well known soundtrack for the Mega-CD version of Eye of the Beholder, a dungeon crawl role-playing video game ported over from the original by Japanese developer Opera House and published by Sega.[27] That same year, his soundtrack for Beyond Oasis utilized a late romantic style of music, which he later also utilized for Legend of Oasis (1996), Merregnon (2004), and Warriors of the Lost Empire (2007).[1]

He also composed the soundtrack for Sega's Shenmue (1999) alongside Takenobu Mitsuyoshi and a few others, with Koshiro contributing fifteen original compositions to the soundtrack. Three other staff members of Ancient also worked on Shenmue.[12][28] He later composed the soundtracks for the Wangan Midnight series (2001 onwards) and Namco × Capcom (2005). These were the first projects where he wrote the lyrics along with the music. For the Wangan Midnight series in particular, his compositions were mostly trance music, a style he was previously unfamiliar with.[13]

He composed the main theme of the French TV channel Nolife, which launched in 2007. The theme was released as part of the album Tamiuta in 2008.[29] Some of Koshiro's latest work includes music for the Etrian Odyssey series,[10] the Wangan Midnight series, and the 7th Dragon series. In 2018, Koshiro contributed one song to Nobuhiko Okamoto's album Braverthday.[30] He was brought back to compose for Streets of Rage 4 in 2020, along with Kawashima and several others.[31] The same year, he composed the theme song "Koroneraiser Inu-More!" for Hololive's virtual YouTuber Korone Inugami.[32] Koshiro also created the opening and ending jingles for the YouTube channel Masahiro Sakurai on Creating Games.[33]

Works

[edit]
Year Title Role(s) Notes
1986 Xanadu Scenario II Music With Takahito Abe
Romancia With Takahito Abe and Masatomo Miyamoto
1987 Ys I: Ancient Ys Vanished With Mieko Ishikawa
Legacy of the Wizard
Sorcerian With several others
Ojousama Club
Dark Storm: Demon Crystal
The Gate of Labyrinth
1988 Ys II: Ancient Ys Vanished – The Final Chapter With Mieko Ishikawa and Hideya Nagata
The Scheme
The Return of Ishtar (MSX version)
The Curse of Mars
1989 Wanderers from Super Scheme
Algarna
The Revenge of Shinobi
Bosconian (X68000 version) With Hideya Nagata
1990 Misty Blue
ActRaiser
Thrice
1991 The G.G. Shinobi
Streets of Rage
Sonic the Hedgehog
Star Wars: Attack on the Death Star Arrangements
1992 Super Adventure Island Music
Eye of the Beholder (PC-98 version) With Shinji Hosoe
Gage With Ayako Yoda and Motohiro Kawashima
Batman Returns Sound management
The G.G. Shinobi II: The Silent Fury Music With Motohiro Kawashima
Streets of Rage 2
1993 Slap Fight MD Music, arrangements
ActRaiser 2 Music
1994 Streets of Rage 3 With Motohiro Kawashima
Eye of the Beholder (Sega CD version)
Robotrek Sound producer
Beyond Oasis Producer, music
1995 Miracle Casino Paradise Music
Manji Psy Yuuki With Motohiro Kawashima and Ayako Yoda
1996 Zork I: The Great Underground Empire (PlayStation and Sega Saturn version) With Motohiro Kawashima
Vatlva
The Legend of Oasis Producer, music
1997 Bomb Jack (Windows version) Sound supervision
Culdcept Music With Takeshi Yanagawa
Sega Ages Vol. 8 Columns Arcade Collection Sound director
1998 Complete Onside Soccer (Japanese PlayStation version) Sound engineer
Fox Junction Music With Motohiro Kawashima and Ryuji Iuchi
1999 Animetic Story Game 1: Cardcaptor Sakura With Takeshi Yanagawa and Tomonori Hayashibe
Shenmue With several others
2001 Shenmue II
Wangan Midnight Maximum Tune
Car Battler Joe With Tomonori Hayashibe
2004 Amazing Island With Motohiro Kawashima and Tomonori Hayashibe
Wangan Midnight Maximum Tune
Dokapon the World
2005 Wangan Midnight Maximum Tune 2
Namco × Capcom Opening and ending themes
Dance Dance Revolution Extreme 2 "You Gotta Move It"
2006 The Law of Ueki (PS2 version) With Motohiro Kawashima and Takeshi Yanagawa
Castlevania: Portrait of Ruin With Michiru Yamane
2007 Etrian Odyssey
Wangan Midnight Maximum Tune 3
Katekyo Hitman Reborn! Dream Hyper Battle! With Motohiro Kawashima and Takeshi Yanagawa
Warriors of the Lost Empire
2008 Super Smash Bros. Brawl Arrangements With several others
Etrian Odyssey II Music
2009 7th Dragon
Half-Minute Hero With several others
2010 Dragon Ball Online
Etrian Odyssey III
Protect Me Knight
Jaseiken Necromancer: Nightmare Reborn With Takeshi Yanagawa
Criminal Girls Opening theme only.
Dead Heat With Motohiro Kawashima
2011 7th Dragon 2020
Wangan Midnight Maximum Tune 4
2012 Kid Icarus: Uprising With several others[a]
Etrian Odyssey IV
Layton Brothers: Mystery Room With Takeshi Yanagawa
Time and Eternity
2013 7th Dragon 2020-II
Etrian Odyssey Untold: The Millennium Girl
Drift Spirits[34]
Code of Joker With several others. [35]
Momoiro Billionaire! With Motohiro Kawashima
2014 Wangan Midnight Maximum Tune 5
Persona Q: Shadow of the Labyrinth With Shoji Meguro, Atsushi Kitajoh and Toshiki Konishi
Gotta Protectors With several others[36] [b]
Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U Arrangements
Etrian Odyssey 2 Untold: The Fafnir Knight Music
2015 Etrian Mystery Dungeon With Takeshi Yanagawa
Chunithm "Grab Your Sword"
7th Dragon III Code: VFD [37]
Project X Zone 2 Opening and ending themes
2016 Cosmic Cavern 3671[38]
Puzzle & Dragons X With Kenji Ito, Akira Yamaoka, and Keigo Ozaki
Etrian Odyssey V
2017 Etrian Mystery Dungeon 2
RXN -Raijin- With several others[39]
Crystal of Re:union[40]
2018 A Certain Magical Virtual-On[41]
Secret of Mana Arrangements With several others[42]
Chrono Ma:Gia[43] Music
Wangan Midnight Maximum Tune 6
Etrian Odyssey Nexus[44]
Monster Boy and the Cursed Kingdom With several others
Super Smash Bros. Ultimate[45] Arrangements
2019 16bit Rhythm Land[46] Music
198X With Anton Dromberg and Daniel Rosenqvist[47][48]
SolSeraph Opening theme[49]
Arcalast With Michiru Yamane and Takeshi Yanagawa[50]
Sega Genesis Mini Menu theme; dedicated console[51]
Gotta Protectors: Cart of Darkness[52]
The Takeover Opening stage theme[53]
Rakugaki Kingdom With several others.
2020 Streets of Rage 4
Gibiate Anime[54]
The Wonderful 101: Remastered Arrangements With several others
2021 Actraiser Renaissance Music, arrangements[55]
Royal Anapoko Academy Music With Takeshi Yanagawa
2022 Sol Cresta[56]
Sin Chronicle [57] With several others.
Sega Genesis Mini 2 Menu theme; dedicated console[58]
2023 Cubic Stars[59] With Takamitsu Ono
2024 Earthion Music, director[60]
2025 Mina the Hollower Music With Jake Kaufman[61]

Footnotes

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  1. ^ Motoi Sakuraba, Masafumi Takada, Noriyuki Iwadare, Takahiro Nishi, and Yasunori Mitsuda
  2. ^ Hisayoshi Ogura, Motoaki Furukawa, Shinji Hosoe, and Hiroshi Kawaguchi

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Chris Greening & Don Kotowski (February 2011). "Yuzo Koshiro Interview: Innovator in Game Music and Sound Design". Game Music Online. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
  2. ^ a b c Davis, Jeff. "Interview with Yuzo Koshiro". Gaming Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
  3. ^ a b Horowitz, Ken (February 5, 2008). "Interview: Yuzo Koshiro". Sega-16. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
  4. ^ Parish, Jeremy (June 19, 2017). "Yuzo Koshiro: Legendary game composer, family business owner". Polygon. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
  5. ^ Nintendo Power, Volumes 208–210. Nintendo Power. 2006. p. 102. Retrieved August 5, 2011. Yuzo Koshiro, the musician responsible for ActRaiser's amazing score, is arguably the greatest game-music composer of the 16-bit age. Equally comfortable composing classical or techno, Koshiro built up a faithful fan base by creating some of the most memorable game music of the late '80s and early '90s.
  6. ^ Barnholt, Ray (June 2012). "The Magic of FM Synth". 1UP.com. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
  7. ^ a b Santos, Wayne (December 2006). "Songs & Sounds In The 21st Century". GameAxis Unwired (40). Singapore Press Holdings: 39. ISSN 0219-872X. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
  8. ^ a b c McNeilly, Joe (April 19, 2010). "Game music of the day: Streets of Rage 2". GamesRadar. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  9. ^ a b Mustin. "Streets of Rage 2 Original Soundtrack (US): Review". Square Enix Music Online. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
  10. ^ a b c d e Szczepaniak, John. "Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved March 29, 2011. Reprinted from Retro Gamer, 2009
  11. ^ "古代 祐三". Ancient.com (in Japanese). Archived from the original on February 25, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  12. ^ a b c "TNL Developer Spotlight: Ancient". The Next Level. March 11, 2003. Retrieved May 12, 2011.
  13. ^ a b c d Kikizo (October 14, 2005). "Yuzo Koshiro Interview". VideoGamesDaily.com. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
  14. ^ Interview with Yuzo Koshiro – Game Music on YouTube
  15. ^ GameFan, volume 1, issue 1 (October 1992), page 8
  16. ^ Kevin Gifford (June 3, 2010). "Xanadu Scenario II". MagWeasel.com. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
  17. ^ Patrick Gann. "Falcom Special Box '90". RPGFan. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
  18. ^ "Yuzo Koshiro". AllGame. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014.
  19. ^ RocketBaby (October 1999). "Interview with Yuzo Koshiro". Square Enix Music Online. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
  20. ^ "Yuzo Koshiro – Bare Knuckle II". Discogs. January 21, 1993. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  21. ^ "Interview: Streets of Rage Composer Yuzo Koshiro". Red Bull Music Academy Daily. September 25, 2014.
  22. ^ "Computer and Video Games - Issue 192 (1997-11)(EMAP Images)(GB)". November 1997.
  23. ^ "Electronic Games 1993-06". June 1993.
  24. ^ "Yuzo Koshiro / Motohiro Kawashima – Bare Knuckle III". Discogs. August 24, 1994. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
  25. ^ a b "Streets of Rage 3 review – Sega Megadrive". Mean Machines. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
  26. ^ El compositor de Streets of Rage puso su nombre en los juegos porque se lo dijo su madre. Vandal, 12 March 2020
  27. ^ Barton, Matt (February 23, 2007). "Part 2: The Golden Age (1985–1993)". The History of Computer Role-Playing Games. Gamasutra. Archived from the original on March 30, 2009. Retrieved March 26, 2009.
  28. ^ Andrew Long. "Interview With Shenmue's Composer". RPGamer. Archived from the original on January 22, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2011.
  29. ^ Nolife TV Theme, released on the album Tamiuta
  30. ^ "Braverthday【豪華盤】" (in Japanese). Lantis. Retrieved August 22, 2022.
  31. ^ Hussain, Tamoor (July 17, 2019). "Streets Of Rage 4's Soundtrack Has Four Legendary Artists Including Yuzo Koshiro". GameSpot. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  32. ^ Koshiro, Yuzo [@yuzokoshiro] (October 1, 2020). "I'm proud to compose theme music for 'Koroneraiser Inu-More!' as a birthday gift! The music is reminiscent of Filmore from Actraiser as her request is recorded directly from real SFC. Check it out on her YouTube channel" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  33. ^ "The opening and ending jingles for these videos were composed by none other than Yuzo Koshiro. I imagine you've heard them many times by now!". YouTube. Masahiro Sakurai on Creating Games. June 8, 2023. Archived from the original on June 9, 2023. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  34. ^ Crider, Michael. "47 New And Notable Android Games From The Last 2 Weeks (5/26/15 - 6/8/15)". Android Police. Archived from the original on December 7, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  35. ^ "Code of Joker Original Soundtrack - Sound of Arcana -". YouTube Music. Sega. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  36. ^ Whitehead, Thomas (July 8, 2016). "Gotta Protectors Looks Like an Amazing and Quirky Throwback to '80s Gaming". Nintendo Life. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  37. ^ Kemps, Heidi. "7th Dragon III Code: VFD Review". GameSpot. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  38. ^ "Cosmic Cavern 3671". Gamasutra. Retrieved October 14, 2018.
  39. ^ Farrell, Reilly (June 8, 2018). "RXN -Raijin- soundtrack coming this summer". Video Game Music Online. Retrieved October 14, 2018.
  40. ^ "Crystal of Re:union". Google Play. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  41. ^ Romano, Sal (September 19, 2017). "A Certain Magical Virtual-On launches February 15 in Japan". Gematsu. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
  42. ^ Gallagher, Mathew (November 19, 2017). "Team of arrangers announced for Secret of Mana remake". Video Game Music Online. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  43. ^ Romano, Sal (February 14, 2018). "Chrono Ma:Gia official website opened, animated trailer". Gematsu. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  44. ^ Gallagher, Mathew (April 10, 2018). "Yuzo Koshiro returns for Etrian Odyssey X". Video Game Music Online. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
  45. ^ Sounders, Mike (November 7, 2018). "Guile's theme goes Music with anything, including Super Smash Bros. Ultimate". Destructoid. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  46. ^ "コロンバスサークル、MD/MD互換機用ゲームカセット「16ビットリズムランド」数量限定発売決定". game.watch.impress.co.jp (in Japanese). December 10, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  47. ^ McFerran, Damien (May 15, 2018). "Streets Of Rage Composer Yuzo Koshiro Is Contributing To 198X's Soundtrack". Nintendo Life. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  48. ^ Hi-Bit Studios. "Music for the masses". Kickstarter.com. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  49. ^ McWhertor, Michael (June 26, 2019). "Sega's SolSeraph looks like an ActRaiser spiritual successor". Polygon. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
  50. ^ Nelva, Giuseppe (April 5, 2019). "Arcalast by Suikoden Veterans Announced Music with Countdown Website". Twinfinite. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
  51. ^ McFerran, Damien (April 2, 2019). "Yuzo Koshiro Confirms He's Involved With Sega's Forthcoming Mega Drive Mini". Nintendo Life. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  52. ^ Reynolds, Ollie (March 22, 2022). "Gotta Protectors: Cart Of Darkness Coming To Switch, Physical Edition Confirmed". Nintendo Life. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  53. ^ @1thetakeover (August 13, 2018). "A new version of The Takeover has hit Steam Early Access! What's New: - New music track by the legendary Yuzo Koshiro! - A new vertical roll move (much like in SoR3) - New voice samples for all characters! - Plenty of bug fixes!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  54. ^ Komatsu, Mikikazu. "Japanese-Themed Project GIBIATE Unveils Its First Anime PV for Summer 2020". CrunchyRoll.com. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  55. ^ Price, Edward (September 23, 2021). "Dual-genre remaster Actraiser Renaissance out today". PlayStation Blog. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  56. ^ Gray, Kate (August 5, 2021). "Platinum's Retro Sequel 'Sol Cresta' Gets New Trailer". Nintendo Life. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  57. ^ @sin_chronicle (April 26, 2022). #古代祐三 さんご制作の「Hikari・Kibou」 (Tweet) (in Japanese). Retrieved March 25, 2023 – via Twitter.
  58. ^ Hagues, Alana (June 7, 2022). "Yuzo Koshiro Confirms He's Back For Vital Mega Drive Mini 2 Music". Nintendo Life. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  59. ^ "Cubic Stars Original Soundtrack". Apple Music (in Japanese). Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  60. ^ @yuzokoshiro (March 25, 2024). "In developing Earthion, I'm both game director and composer for the first time in 20 years. With this unique position, I want to carefully consider the scenes and atmosphere that form the world when composing, ensuring the music isn't overly influenced by past exemplars" (Tweet). Retrieved March 25, 2024 – via Twitter.
  61. ^ Hagues, Alana (March 2, 2022). "Mina The Hollower's Soundtrack Gains Streets Of Rage Composer Yuzo Koshiro". Nintendo Life. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
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