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List of Hungarian Jews

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This is a list of Hungarian Jews. There has been a Jewish presence in today's Hungary since Roman times (bar a brief expulsion during the Black Death), long before the actual Hungarian nation. Jews fared particularly well under the Ottoman Empire, and after emancipation in 1867. At its height, the Jewish population of historical Hungary numbered more than 900,000, but the Holocaust and emigration, especially during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, has reduced that to around 100,000, most of whom live in Budapest and its suburbs.

This is a list of anyone who could be reliably described as "Hungarian" and is of significant Jewish heritage (ethnic or religious). See List of Hungarian Americans for descendants of Hungarian émigrés born in America, a significant number of whom are of Jewish ancestry.

The names are presented in the Western European convention of the given name preceding the family name, whereas in Hungary, the reverse is true, as in most Asian cultures.

Historical figures

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Theodor Herzl

Athletes

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Boxing

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György Gedó

Canoeing

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  • László Fábián, sprint canoer, Olympic champion (K-2 10,000 meter), 4x world champion (3x K-2 10,000 meter and 1x K-4 10,000 meter) and one silver (K-4 10,000 meter)[3]
  • Imre Farkas, sprint canoer, 2x Olympic bronze (C-2 1,000 and 10,000 meter)[3]
  • Klára Fried-Bánfalvi, sprint canoer, Olympic bronze (K-2 500 m), world champion (K-2 500 m)[4]
  • Anna Pfeffer, sprint canoer, Olympic 2x silver (K-2 500 m), bronze (K-1 500 m); world champion (K-2 500 m), silver (K-4 500 m), 2x bronze (K-2 500)[5]

Fencing

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Jenő Fuchs
Attila Petschauer
  • Péter Bakonyi (born "Buchwald", 1938), saber, Olympic 3x bronze
  • Ilona Elek (née "Schacherer"; 1907–1988), foil fencer; Olympic gold-medal winner, and world champion, both before and after World War II
  • Dr. Dezső Földes (1880–1950), saber, 2x Olympic champion
  • Dr. Jenő Fuchs (1882–1955), saber, 4x Olympic champion[6]
  • Tamás Gábor (1932–2007), épée, Olympic champion
  • János Garay (1889–1945), saber, Olympic champion, silver, bronze, killed by the Nazis
  • Dr. Oskar Gerde (1883–1944), saber, 2x Olympic champion, killed by the Nazis[7]
  • Dr. Sándor Gombos (1895–1968), saber, Olympic champion
  • Endre Kabos (1906–1944), saber, 3x Olympic champion, bronze, killed while performing forced labour for the Nazis
  • Attila Petschauer (1904–1943), saber, 2x team Olympic champion, silver, killed by the Nazis
  • Zoltán Ozoray Schenker (1880–1966), Hungarian Olympic champion saber fencer
  • Ildikó Újlaky-Rejtő (born 1937), foil, 2x Olympic champion[8]
  • Lajos Werkner (1883–1943), saber, 2x Olympic champion
  • George Worth, born György Woittitz (1915–2006), Hungarian-born American Olympic medalist fencer

Figure skating

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Gymnastics

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  • Samu Fóti, Olympic silver (team combined exercises)
  • Imre Gellért, Olympic silver (team combined exercises)
  • Ágnes Keleti, 5-time Olympic champion (2-time floor exercises, asymmetrical bars, floor exercises, balance beam, team exercise with portable apparatus), 3-time silver (2-time team combined exercises, individual combined exercises), 2x bronze (asymmetrical bars, team exercises with portable apparatus), International Gymnastics Hall of Fame[9]
  • Alice Kertész, Olympic champion (team, portable apparatus), silver (team); world silver (team)[10]

Soccer (association football)

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  • Gyula Bíró, midfielder/forward (national team)[8][11]
  • Alfréd Brüll, first owner of MTK Budapest FC
  • Peter Fuzes, born in Hungary; soccer goalkeeper for Sydney Hakoah club and Australia, Maccabi Hall of Fame 2003. Played 1st grade 1964 till 1976; International career from 1966 to 1972, against Scotland 1967, Greece 1969, Israel 1969 & 1972. Played against various European club sides including AS ROMA 1966, Manchester United.
  • Sándor Geller, goalkeeper, Olympic champion
  • Béla Guttmann, midfielder, national team player, and international coach
  • Adolf Kertész, Hungarian international
  • Gyula Kertész (1888–1982), Hungarian international
  • Vilmos Kertész (1890–1962), Hungarian international
  • Gyula Mándi, half back (player & coach of Hungarian and Israeli national teams) and manager
  • Árpád Orbán, Olympic champion

Swimming

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Alfréd Hajós
András Székely
  • Andrea Gyarmati, Olympic silver (100-m backstroke) and bronze (100-m butterfly); world championships bronze (200-m backstroke), International Swimming Hall of Fame[12] (both parents half-Jewish)
  • Alfréd Hajós (born "Arnold Guttmann"), 3x Olympic champion (100-m freestyle, 800-m freestyle relay, 1,500-m freestyle), International Swimming Hall of Fame[9]
  • Michael "Miki" Halika, Israel, 200-m butterfly, 200- and 400-m individual medley
  • József Munk, Olympic silver (4x200-m freestyle relay)
  • Rebecca Soni, her grandfather was born in Nagyvárad (now Oradea)
  • Mark Spitz, his great-grandfather (Nathan) was born in Hungary
  • László Szabados, Olympic bronze (4x200-m freestyle relay)
  • András Székely, Olympic silver (200-m breaststroke) and bronze (4x200-m freestyle relay); died in a Nazi concentration camp
  • Éva Székely, Olympic champion & silver (200-m breaststroke); International Swimming Hall of Fame; mother of Andrea Gyarmati[12] (mother Jewish, father Roman Catholic szekler)
  • Judit Temes, Olympic champion (4×100-m freestyle), bronze (100-m freestyle)[13]
  • Imre Zachár, Olympic silver (4x200-m freestyle relay)

Table tennis

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Tennis

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Track and field

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Water polo

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Wrestling

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  • Károly Kárpáti (also "Károly Kellner"), Olympic champion (freestyle lightweight), silver

Other sports

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  • Paul Havas, Columbia quarterback[20]
  • Ferenc Kemény, co-founder and first secretary of the IOC[21]
  • László Bartók, Rowing (Paris 1924 eight and coxed four, Amsterdam 1928 coxed four) and 1932 men's coxless four European Rowing Champion[22] [23]

Olympic gold medalists at the Summer Games

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Period 1896-1912 1924-1936 1948-1956 1960-1972 1976-1992 (1984 excluded) 1996-2008
# of Olympics 5 4 3 4 4 4
Total Golds 442 482 440 684 903 1172
Hungarian Golds 11 22 35 32 33 26
Hungarian/total World 2.49% 4.56% 7.95% 4.68% 3.65% 2.22%
Hungarian Individual Gold 9 17 26 22 27 16
Hungarian Jewish Individual 5 3 6 4 0 0
Jewish/total individual Hungarian 55.56% 17.65% 23.08% 18.18% 0% 0%
Jews in Gold Teams 57.14% = 8/14 28.21%= 11/39
Jews in population 5.0% (1910) 5.12% (1930) 1.45% (1949) 0.13% (2001)

Before the Holocaust

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Hungarian Jews, while comprising some 5% of the population of Hungary, won 8 individual gold medals for Hungary out of 26 (30.8%) in the Olympic sports events between 1896 and 1936. In each of the 7 gold winning teams, there were Hungarian Jews making up 35.8% of the teams (19 out of 53 team members).

1896

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  • Alfréd Hajós-Guttman (2) swimming, 100-meter freestyle, 1,500-meter freestyle

1906

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  • Alfréd Hajós-Guttman, swimming, 800-meter freestyle relay

1908

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  • Dezső Földes, fencing, team saber
  • Dr.Jenő Fuchs (2), fencing, individual saber, team saber
  • Dr. Oszkár Gerde, fencing, team saber
  • Lajos Werkner, fencing, team saber
  • Richard Weisz, Greco-Roman wrestling, heavyweight

1912

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  • Dezső Földes, fencing, team saber
  • Dr. Jenő Fuchs (2), fencing, individual saber, team saber
  • Dr. Oszkár Gerde, fencing, team saber
  • Lajos Werkner, fencing, team saber

1924

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  • Alfred Hajós, Olympic art competition, architecture
  • Gyula Halasy, Gold Medal, Individual Trap Competition

1928

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  • János Garay, fencing, team saber
  • Dr. Sándor Gombos, fencing, team saber
  • Attila Petschauer, fencing, team saber
  • Dr. Ferenc Mező, Olympic art competition, epic works

1932

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  • István Barta, water polo
  • György Brody, water polo
  • Miklós Sárkány, water polo
  • Endre Kabos, fencing, team saber
  • Attila Petschauer, fencing, team saber

1936

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  • György Bródy, water polo
  • Miklos Sárkány, water polo
  • Endre Kabos (2), fencing, individual saber, team saber
  • Ilona Elek, individual foil
  • Károly Kárpáti, freestyle wrestling, lightweight

After the Holocaust, 1948-1972

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After the Holocaust, less than 1% of the population of Hungary remained of Jewish heritage. In individual sports events, Hungary won 48 gold medals between 1948 and 1972. Sportsmen and mainly sportswomen of Jewish extraction won 10 gold medals (20.8%). Hungarian Jewish women won 7 gold medals out of the 15 individual gold medals won by Hungarian women. In the 19 gold medal-winning teams for Hungary, 9 had Jewish members.

There are no known Hungarian Jewish gold medalist since 1976. Overall, Hungarian Jews won 15.4% of the 117 individual gold medals of Hungary, and had part in at least 16 out of the 42 gold medals in team events.

1948

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  • Ilona Elek, individual foil

1952

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  • Robert Antal, water polo
  • Sándor Gellér, soccer
  • Ágnes Keleti, gymnastics, floor exercises
  • Éva Székely, swimming, 200-meter breaststroke

1956

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  • Ágnes Keleti (4)
    • gymnastics, asymmetrical bars, floor exercises, balance beam,
    • team exercise with portable apparatus
  • Aliz Kertész, gymnastics, team exercise with portable apparatus
  • László Fábián, kayak pairs, 10,000-meters

1960

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  • Gyula Török, boxing, flyweight

1964

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  • Tamás Gábor, fencing, team épée
  • Ildikó Rejtő (2), fencing, individual and team foil
  • Árpád Orbán, soccer

1968

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  • Mihály Hesz, kayak, K1 1000m

1972

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  • Gyorgy Gedó, boxing, light flyweight

Artists

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Robert Capa
Nickolas Muray

Business

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Businessmen

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George Soros

Industrialists and bankers

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Chess players

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Judit Polgár
Susan Polgar

Film and stage

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Actors

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Hedy Lamarr
Zsa Zsa Gabor

Directors, screenwriters, and industry

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  • Judit Elek, film director and screenwriter[33]
  • William Fox, producer and founder of Fox Film Studios; his name has been perpetuated in later film/broadcasting companies, born Fried Vilmos

Historians

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Inventors and scientists

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Nobel Prize winners

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Physicists

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Social scientists

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Mathematicians

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Music

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Composers

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Conductors

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Musicians

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Performers of music

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Psychoanalysts

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Religious figures

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See Hungarian-Jewish Religious Figures

Writers

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Families ennobled between 1874 and 1918 (mainly industrialists)

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  • Biedermann – 1902
  • Dirsztay – 1905
  • Engel – 1879
  • Groedl – 1900
  • Gutmann – 1905
  • Harkányi – 1904
  • Hatvany – 1917
  • Hatvany-Deutsch – 1895
  • Hazai – 1912
  • Herczel – 1912
  • Herzog – 1904
  • Kohner – 1904
  • Korányi – 1912
  • Kornfeld – 1908
  • Königswarter – 1897
  • Kuffner – 1904
  • Lévay – 1897
  • Madarassy-Beck – 1906
  • Nauman – 1906
  • Ohrenstein – 1913
  • Orosdy – 1905
  • Posner Karl
  • Schosberger – 1890
  • Tornyai-Schosberger – 1905
  • Ulmann – 1918
  • Weiss – 1918
  • Wodianer – 1874
  • Wolfner – 1918[64]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Segal, Eliezer (June 24, 2004). "The Treacherous Mr. Trebisch". The Jewish Free Press. p. 10.
  2. ^ Major, Mark Imre (1974). American Hungarian Relations, 1918-1944. Danubian Press. pp. 54–66. ISBN 9780879340360.
  3. ^ a b Taylor, Jews and the Olympic Games, p. 228.
  4. ^ Taylor, Jews and the Olympic Games, p. 229.
  5. ^ Taylor, Jews and the Olympic Games, p. 238.
  6. ^ Frojimovics, Kinga; Komoróczy, Géza (1999). Jewish Budapest: Monuments, Rites, History. Central European University Press. p. 340. ISBN 963-9116-37-8.
  7. ^ Taylor, Jews and the Olympic Games, p. 107.
  8. ^ a b Handler, Andrew (1985). From the Ghetto to the Games: Jewish Athletes in Hungary. East European Monographs. ISBN 0-88033-085-6.
  9. ^ a b "Elected Members". International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  10. ^ a b Taylor, Jews and the Olympic Games, p. 234.
  11. ^ Postal, Bernard; Silver, Jesse; Silver, Roy (1965). Encyclopedia of Jews in Sports. Bloch Publishing Company. p. 418.
  12. ^ a b c Eisen, George. "Jewish Olympic Medalists". International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  13. ^ Wechsler, Bob (2008). Day by Day in Jewish Sports History. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-60280-013-7.
  14. ^ Taylor, Jews and the Olympic Games, p. 226.
  15. ^ "Jewish Athletes – Olympic Medalists". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
  16. ^ a b Riess, Steven A. (1996). "From the Ghetto To The Games: Jewish Athletes in Hungary (review)" (PDF). Olympika: The International Journal of Olympic Studies. 5: 153–158. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-29. Retrieved 2012-06-26.
  17. ^ Taylor, Jews and the Olympic Games, p. 93.
  18. ^ Siegman, Joseph (2000). Jewish Sports Legends: The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Brassey's Incorporated. ISBN 9781574882841.
  19. ^ Taylor, Jews and the Olympic Games, p. 236.
  20. ^ "2011 Football Roster: Paul Havas". www.gocolumbialions.com.
  21. ^ "Ferenc Kemeny (Kauffmann)" Archived 2006-12-19 at the Wayback Machine. International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  22. ^ https://olympics.com/en/athletes/laszlo-bartok [bare URL]
  23. ^ "Weltmeisterschaften (Herren - Teil 1)".
  24. ^ "Fenyes, Adolf" Archived 2011-12-22 at the Wayback Machine. Terminartors. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  25. ^ "Andre Francois". PBase. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  26. ^ "Goldmann György szobrász- és Sugár Andor festőművészek kiállítása" (in Hungarian). Filmhiradok Online. Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  27. ^ "Iványi Grünwald, Béla". Terminartors. Archived from the original on May 1, 2013. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  28. ^ "A Hungarian Lens on Photography". Jewish Journal. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
  29. ^ Nickolas Muray
  30. ^ "Perlmutter, Izsák". Terminartors. Archived from the original on August 16, 2013. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  31. ^ Diegidio, Tom (September 11, 1999). "Leo Castelli". Salon.
  32. ^ "Religious Affiliation of Directors of AFI's Top 100 Movies". Adherents.com. Archived from the original on November 19, 2005. Retrieved May 9, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  33. ^ Plotkin, Janis. "Filmmakers, Independent European". Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  34. ^ a b c Hoberman, J. "Cinema". The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  35. ^ a b c "Variety Club-Jewish Chronicle colour supplement: 350 years". The Jewish Chronicle. December 15, 2006. pp. 28–29.
  36. ^ Suleiman, Susan Rubin (January 24, 2008). "On Exile, Jewish Identity, and Filmmaking in Hungary: A Conversation with István Szabó". KinoKultura.
  37. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Historians
  38. ^ Heer, Jeet (March 6, 2005). "John Lukacs: The historian as anti-populist". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on May 7, 2006.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  39. ^ "Providential Accidents". The Spirit of Things. ABC. August 29, 1999.
  40. ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "He was a devout Jew".
  41. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica
  42. ^ "Jewish Biomedical & Life Scientists". Jinfo.org. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  43. ^ Meijer, Paul H. E. (ed.) (2000). Views of a Physicist: Selected papers of N.G. Van Kampen. World Scientific. p. 233. ISBN 9789810243579.
  44. ^ "Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry". Jinfo.org. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  45. ^ "Lord Bauer". The Telegraph. May 6, 2002.
  46. ^ The intolerant crusade against circumcision, 7 October 2013
  47. ^ "Jewish Biographies: Nobel Prize Laureates". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  48. ^ "Jewish Economists". Jinfo.org. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  49. ^ "Leitner, Gottlieb William". Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  50. ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "registered with the Jewish community of Pest".
  51. ^ "Neubauer, Adolf". Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  52. ^ a b c "Jewish Mathematicians". Jinfo.org. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  53. ^ "The life and mathematics of Géza Grünwald". Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  54. ^ "Cornelius Lanczos". University of St. Andrews, Scotland. Archived from the original on February 10, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  55. ^ Tibor, Frank (1997). "George Pólya and the Heuristic Tradition: Fascination with Genius in Central Europe". Polanyiana. 6 (2).
  56. ^ Volkmann, Bodo (2008). "On the death of Peter Szüsz" (PDF). Uniform Distribution Theory. 3 (1): 149–151.
  57. ^ Bazzana, Kevin (2007). Lost Genius. Canada: McClelland and Stewart. ISBN 978-0-7710-1100-9.
  58. ^ "Michael Balint". Whonamedit? Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  59. ^ Honti, Rita (2006)."Principles of Pitch Organization in Bartók's Duke Bluebeard's Castle" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. University of Helsinki. p. 100. "...German on his mother's side and Jewish on his father's..."
  60. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Balazs, Bela
  61. ^ László, Kiss (July 2011). "Utazás a feleségem körül – Karinthyné dr. Böhm Aranka (1893–1944)" (PDF). Orvosi Hetilap (in Hungarian). 152 (28). Akadémiai Kiadó: 1137–1139. doi:10.1556/oh.2011.ho2351. PMID 21712176.[permanent dead link‍]
  62. ^ Mazower, Mark (January 2, 2000). "A Tormented Life". The New York Times.
  63. ^ "Elie Wiesel – Biography". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
  64. ^ "Magyar Zsidó Lexikon". Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtár. Retrieved May 9, 2013.

General references

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